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Physics

Black holes scramble information – but may not be the best at it

Information contained within quantum objects gets scrambled when they interact. Physicists have now derived a speed limit for this process, challenging the idea that black holes are the fastest data scramblers

By Karmela Padavic-Callaghan

6 May 2024

Previously, physicists theorised that black holes are the fastest possible scramblers of information

MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Alamy

When two quantum objects interact, all the information they carry becomes scrambled. Now, physicists have calculated a fundamental limit for how quickly this can happen.

One striking example of information scrambling happens in black holes, says at the University of Maryland. When objects fall into these super-dense bodies, some of the information they contain reemerges in the black hole’s emitted radiation – but in a highly scrambled form.

In fact, physicists have theorised that black holes are the fastest possible scramblers…

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